Make toilets cool

JACK Sim, founder of the World Toilet Organisation, has a theory about why governments and people are so reluctant to talk about hygiene: it isn't cool.

'People demand a TV, not a toilet, because it is not aspirational or charismatic,' said Mr Sim, who does not hesitate to talk in graphic detail about the dangers of poor sanitation.

'Governments and people are not very receptive to being told they're dirty, that they need more toilets,' said Mr Sim on a visit to Mumbai, where more than half its 18 million residents live in slums and where the average ratio of people to toilets is 81:1.

In Mumbai, where teeming slums sit cheek by jowl with gleaming office blocks and luxury apartments, sanitation is not just a poor person's problem, said Sim, a native of Singapore.

'You are in such close proximity to slums, to people defecating and peeing in the open, that basically, you are walking in someone's poo,' Mr Sim said.

But the sight of people defecating by railway tracks or even by the roadside is so common that residents turn a blind eye to the problem and do not give it the seriousness it deserves. 'You see it long enough, and there is a basic acceptance that dirt is normal. But being repulsed by dirt, it's smell and sight is a natural defence against disease,' Mr Sim said.